In addition, doctors use human growth hormone (HGH) to treat growth disorders in children. Previously, it was only possible to treat diabetes with pig insulin, which caused allergic reactions in humans because of differences in the gene product. Scientists used recombinant DNA technology to produce large-scale quantities of human insulin in E. Cultivating and manipulating fungal cells produces antibodies. Microorganisms, such as fungi, naturally produce them to attain an advantage over bacterial populations. The medical field has used genes cloned from the influenza virus to combat the constantly changing strains of this virus.Īntibiotics are a biotechnological product. Doctors then introduce the antigen into the body to stimulate the primary immune response and trigger immune memory. Modern techniques use the genes of microorganisms cloned into vectors to mass produce the desired antigen. Traditional vaccination strategies use weakened or inactive forms of microorganisms to mount the initial immune response. Production of Vaccines, Antibiotics, and Hormones More advanced forms of gene therapy try to correct the mutation at the original site in the genome, such as is the case with treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The good gene is usually introduced into diseased cells as part of a vector transmitted by a virus that can infect the host cell and deliver the foreign DNA (Figure 1). In its simplest form, it involves the introduction of a good gene at a random location in the genome to aid the cure of a disease that is caused by a mutated gene. Gene therapy is a genetic engineering technique used to cure disease. Doctors also offer genetic testing for fetuses (or embryos with in vitro fertilization) to determine the presence or absence of disease-causing genes in families with specific debilitating diseases. If inherited gene mutations cause the cancer, doctors also advise other female relatives to undergo genetic testing and periodic screening for breast cancer. Doctors base treatment plans on genetic test findings that determine the type of cancer. For example, doctors usually advise women diagnosed with breast cancer to have a biopsy so that the medical team can determine the genetic basis of cancer development. Depending on the inheritance patterns of a disease-causing gene, family members are advised to undergo genetic testing. Scientists call the process of testing for suspected genetic defects before administering treatment genetic diagnosis by genetic testing. Gene therapy using an adenovirus vector can be used to cure certain genetic diseases in which a person has a defective gene.
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